Child Custody and Visitation Laws - Interstate and International Child Relocations

The dissolution, annulment or separation of aregarding that order. This applies to situations such as
marriage many often times result in the relocation ofwhen a custodial parent moves out of the state and
one or both parents to different states or countriesthe other parent wants to request a modification of
for many reasons. Some of these reasons might bethe visitation schedule. The non-custodial parent does
legitimate, others not. Interstate and international childnot have to move to the other state to claim his or
moves can become real issues regarding the custodyher rights. He or she can file a motion in the same
and visitation rights of the parents. One challenge thisstate where the original separation, annulment or
type of situation presents is how to determine whichdivorce order was entered.
court has the power to decide a child custody orIn those cases where the child has been moved to a
visitation dispute, after a parent moves out of stateforeign country, the UCCJEA grants the state court
or out of the country.discretion in ordering the child's immediate return,
If you want to claim your custody or visitation rightswhen that country's child custody laws violate
over your child in another state, do you go to thefundamental principles of human rights.
divorce court in your state or do you have toThe UCCJEA is not a substitute for the custody or
present your claim in the state where the child isvisitation state law. The act provides the guidelines to
now?solve the conflict between different state courts
Parents in a custody battle over their children havewith seemingly the same authority to manage a
frequently used moving great distances as aparticular custody or child dispute. The conflict of
technique to delay the compliance of valid orders, towhich court has the power to hear a custody or
avoid an unfavorable proceeding, or to obtainvisitation case has to be resolved before the case
conflicting custody or visitation orders in order tocan be considered on its merits.
create a legal conflict. Several laws have beenAnother great advantage of the UCCJEA is that it
enacted to acknowledge the authority and guaranteeestablishes new provisions under which the state
the enforcement of custody and visitation orderscourts can make their child custody and visitation
from cooperating states. Working together, statesorders enforceable in other states. The Act provides
can also avoid multiple-state litigation. The Uniformthe states courts with the power to conduct
Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Actexpedited proceedings to enforce custody
(UCCJEA), the Parental Kidnapping Act (PKA), thedeterminations, to issue temporary visitation orders,
Violence Against Women Act (VAWA), the Hagueto issue warrants for the taking of the child's physical
Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Childpossession, to give prosecutors of another state the
Abduction, and the International Child Abductionauthority to take any lawful action to locate a child
Remedies Act (ICARA) work together to preventand facilitate the child's return, and to establish a
interstate and international parental kidnapping.registry of out-of-state custody orders. The
The UCCJEA clarifies the issue of jurisdiction byprosecutor of the state where the child was moved
adopting the "home state" doctrine, whereas thecan, under the Act, install a proceeding to enforce
court that originally issued the custody or visitationthe child custody determination from the home state
order retains continuous authority to decide any issuewithout the other parent having to be present.