Recognition of Citizenship and Its Challenges for the Urdu Speaking Camp Dwellers in Bangladesh

Recognition of citizenship and its challenges for theseveral development programs in health, education
Urdu speaking camp dwellers in Bangladeshand economic sectors. In Geneva Camp, the largest
Al-Falah Bangladesh is a social and welfareamong the 116 settlements, Al-Falah Model Clinic
organization which was formed in Dhaka in June1981.provides preventive as well as limited curative
It was registered with the Ministry of Social Welfareservices to mothers and children. It also delivers pre
in 1984 to work for the social, cultural and economicand post natal, safe motherhood and family planning
rehabilitation of the Urdu speaking community living inservices. Al-Falah Commercial School, Al-Falah Model
Bangladesh. The organization evolved its objectivesTutorial Centre, and Al-Falah Vocational Training
giving priority to the health, education and skillCentre have helped many young people in getting
development needs of the community.computer skill, education up to secondary level and
After the signing of the tripartite agreement amongskill on various trades. These beneficiaries are now
India, Pakistan and Bangladesh in 1974, andsocially and economically established in the society.
completion of the category-wise repatriation ofSome of them have come out from the camp life
stranded Pakistanis under that agreement, manyand now live outside the camp.
people at that time had observed that a largeIn early 2007 Al-Falah introduced a self-help education
number of Urdu speaking populations would not beand skill development program under a new project
able to reach Pakistan and they would need to adjustnamed “Community Development
their future in Bangladesh. With the passage of time,Centre”(CDC). The CDC provides sponsorship to
the political nature of the problems of the Urduthe Science and Commerce students who live in
speaking community gradually emerged as acamps to continue their education up to the degree
humanitarian issue in Bangladesh.level. In lieu of financial assistance, some of them
The repatriation movements in Bangladesh facedteach the community children in the Foundation
several ups and downs in between 1978 and 1993.School and some coach the SSC students on
During that period many camp dwellers kept theircomputer skills.
hopes alive for repatriation. However, majority of theAt present there are 8 Foundation Schools,
Urdu speaking people who were living outside theestablished in Dhaka, Mymensingh, Ishwerdi and
camps was compelled under the emerging urbanSyedpur where 265 children are being prepared to
social and cultural set ups to reshape their future asget admission in primary schools next year. 20
Bangladeshi citizens by integrating with thestudents have completed their computer training
mainstream.course and another 20 are under training. The funds
Around 160,000 camp dwellers remained "stateless"and computers have been given by the affluent and
as neither Pakistan, nor Bangladesh recognized themphilanthropists of the community. Al-Falah has an
as their nationals. The concerned authorities inambitious target for 40 Foundation Schools, to be
Bangladesh never brought them under the fold of onestablished in another 36 camps and provide
going social and economic development. Dependentcomputer skill to 80 male and female students by the
and reliant largely on relief and charity, they wereend of the current year. If the above can be
socially and economically excluded. As a result theachieved, it would bring about a substantial
level of poverty increased manifolds ruining twoimprovement in the lives of these unfortunate people.
generations of the Urdu speaking camp dwellers.After long delay the government of Bangladesh,
Al-Falah’s efforts for social, cultural and economichowever, decided on 5 September 2007 to give
rehabilitation of the camp dwellers faced stiffcitizenship to the Urdu speaking camp dwellers, enroll
resistance from many quarters in and outsidetheir names in the voter’s list and issue them the
Bangladesh. Yet the organization campaigned fornational identity cards. However, the recognition of
"development" rather than “relief”.citizenship will not solve all the social, cultural and
With the support from Manusher Jonno Foundation,economic issues. The government needs a policy and
(a local donor agency) UNHCR and UNESCO, severalplan for the rehabilitation of about 160,000 people as
research works and surveys were conducted byequal citizens of the country. There exists no such
Alfalah to collect necessary data and determine thepolicy and plan. The present caretaker government is
social and cultural status of the camp dwellers. Theconstitutionally not in a position to undertake this task
findings were documented and disseminated amongof policy formulation which means that the camp
the civil society, NGOs, CBOs (community baseddwellers will need to wait for an elected democratic
organizations), UN System in Bangladesh, Internationalgovernment in Bangladesh which is due by the end of
Human Rights Organizations and local media with a2008.
view to making them aware of the human rightsConsidering these aspects of the rehabilitation issue,
situation of the camp dwellers. Under the advocacyAl-Falah with support from Manusher Jonno
programs, Al-Falah projected the issues of the campFoundation, has already drafted a 5-year strategic
dwellers through the media, met and discussed withplan for their rehabilitation with dignity and equal
high government officials on the issue of theirstatus in the main stream of the society. The draft
citizenship and persuaded the Election Commission toplan has been developed with consultation of the civil
enroll them as voters so that they may also takesociety, NGOs, CBOs (community based
part in the local and national elections as equal citizensorganizations), and human rights activists and
of the country. Al-Falah also organized rallies, humaninstitutions and legal experts. However, the self help
chains, meetings, workshops and roundtable toeducation & skill development program under the
project the issues of the Urdu speaking communityCDC remains the cornerstones of the strategic plan
and mobilize support for the solution of those issues.in this context.
Apart from research & advocacy, Alfalah initiated